To tackle the efficiency and precision control issues in the complex five-axis machining of aeronautical turbines, this study thoroughly investigates the effects of machining parameters on surface roughness and processing time using direct-drive machine tools. The superiority of direct-drive machine tools over conventional ones in terms of precision and speed is initially established through comparative machining. Research focusing on the origin coordinates then reveals a significant enhancement in machining efficiency, particularly when the origin is near the centers of the A and C axes. Employing an orthogonal experimental approach, the study examines spindle speed, feed per tooth, and cutting width, identifying the feed per tooth as the primary factor influencing surface roughness, followed by cutting width, with spindle speed having a lesser impact. The study achieves optimal results under parameters that maintain a roughness below 1.6 μm: 20000 r/min spindle speed, 0.03 mm feed per tooth, and 0.6 mm cutting width. These optimized parameters not only improve machining efficiency by 43.3%, but also ensure quality, providing vital technical insights for the precision machining of aeronautical turbines and offering both practical and theoretical guidance for the efficient machining of complex parts on direct-drive machine tools.