区域安全性分析(ZSA)是指为降低飞机机载系统在整机装配、维护等物理性集成时引起的飞机系统、飞机整机工作过程中的功能性风险,而在传统飞机物理样机阶段提前开展的结构与系统、系统与系统间协调性、技术符合性的分析检查工作。随着数字化设计模式的引入,部分区域安全性分析也尝试在设计阶段基于设计数字样机开展。在民用飞机设计领域,国际自动机工程师学会标准航空推荐实践4761(SAE ARP4761)对区域安全性分析的方法步骤与实践案例进行了介绍,并建议在飞机研制各个阶段均开展区域安全性分析。飞机总装作为飞机机载系统安装与试验的主要阶段,是飞机功能实现的主要过程,也是整机质量、安全等重要特性形成的主要阶段。本文从区域安全性分析的目的、机理出发,面向新的数字化设计与制造环境,对飞机总装过程中区域安全性分析的场景设计、工艺应用进行了介绍。通过将飞机产品设计中区域安全性分析这一经典共因失效工具引入复杂的总装整机集成过程中,借用其结构化的分析和检查方法,设计了区域安全性分析与飞机总装技术活动集成的场景,打通了飞机总装集成工艺设计功能性集成与物理性集成涉及的系统功能分析、故障树分析(Fault tree analysis,FTA)、设计失效模式与影响分析(Design failure mode and effects analysis,DFMEA)、过程失效模式与影响分析、区域安全性分析等多个环节。这一围绕区域安全性分析的新应用模式有效降低了总装阶段生产制造质量风险,减少了因装配质量隐患带来的试飞、服役阶段飞机系统的安全性风险。
Zonal safety analysis (ZSA) is considered as the analysing and checking processes taken place on a physical prototype to reduce the function performing risks of overall aircraft and systems from physical integrations like assembly and maintenance, including coordination and compliance checks between structure and systems, and between system and system. As the introduction of digital design, part of ZSA analysis is also trying to apply based on a digital mock-up. In civil aircraft design, SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice 4761(ARP 4761) introduced the ZSA method, implementation steps and practice cases, and suggested to apply ZSA through all the development phases. Aircraft final assembly stage, with systems installation and test, is the main stage for function implementation of an aircraft as well as a major stage for introduction of the overall aircraft quality and safety characteristics. This paper presents the scenes and implementations towards integration of ZSA and aircraft final assembly engineering activities. It introduces the classical common cause analysis tool ZSA, which is considered to be used for design, to the complicated final assembly integration process. With the help of its structured analysis and inspection methods, this research connects system functional block diagram, fault tree analysis (FTA), design failure mode and effects analysis (DFMEA), process design failure mode and effects analysis (PFMEA), and ZSA. This would reduce quality risks from final assembly significantly and contribute fewer potential hazards from assembly integration that result in aircraft system risks in flight test and operation phases.