To address the issues of large theoretical model deviations and long finite element model consumption in traditional aircraft docking simulation, a data-driven aircraft docking process simulation technology research is carried out. Firstly, by using virtual–real fusion technology, a six-degree of freedom platform kinematic model and a body–attitude adjustment platform pose transformation model were constructed. Real-time simulation data transmission was achieved through data exchange to drive the virtual model. The measurement data and virtual model were used for fuselage docking simulation, and the docking process pose parameters were determined, providing a data basis for adjusting the attitude adjustment platform parameters. Afterwards, in order to improve the efficiency of data solving, based on the finite element model for solving the deformation of the fuselage, the deformation amount is calculated and converted into the change in fuselage position. The attitude angle and position change of the fuselage are used as input and output values to construct a surrogate model, and the effectiveness of the method is verified. Finally, a simulation system for the docking process of the fuselage was developed. Taking the docking process of the fuselage test piece as an example, the results verified that the system was feasible.