In order to promote the application of laser cutting in the field of aviation, process research of the aviation aluminum alloy laser cutting has been carried out. Data samples of the process parameters and the quality characteristics were obtained by orthogonal test. An artificial neural network model was built by Python language to study the data samples, which has double hidden layer. Based on this model, the correlation between the process parameters and the quality characteristics were investigated and predicted. The result reveals that the predicted average error of the quality characteristics can be controlled in 10%. The size deviation, roughness and heat affected zone width of the test specimens optimized by the model were measured, and the errors between the actual measured value and the predicted value are 8.5%, 6.4% and 8.2% respectively.