Abstract:High machining accuracy, consistency and efficiency are important characteristics of high-quality machining. The difficult-to-machined parts of aero-engine are represented by casing, turbine disc and blisk. Due to the weak rigidity of workpiece, large cutting force and high precision requirement, they are difficult to realize high quality machining. Measurement in the CNC machine tool, also known as on-machine measurement, can automatically measure the workpiece clamped on the machine tool and find manufacturing characteristics of positioning deviation or processing error, and then carry out compensation processing. Therefore, the application of on-machine measurement technology can effectively improve the machining quality of aero-engine parts. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the difficult-to-machined parts of aero-engine, and the application scenarios and research hot spots of on-machine measurement technology are expounded. In further, the application principle of on-machine measurement technology in high quality machining of aero-engine is expounded. A case study is taken for the edge round of the tenon groove of turbine disc. The deviations of the edge are measured in the machine tool to realize the compensation processing of the edge round. By this way, the traditional processing is improved. Finally, the exploration direction of the on-machine measurement in the aero-engine fabrication is pointed out.