In order to quantitatively evaluate the balance of aviation fastener production line and improve it, a typical aviation fasteners production line is analyzed. Combining with the concept of streamline balance and the characteristics of aviation fasteners production line, a set of quantitative evaluation index system is established by means of formula derivation, through which the streamline balance can be measured from different angles, the method and feasibility of its application are also expounded. By comparing several methods of current research on streamline balance, a conclusion is drawn that the streamline balance of aviation fastener is more suitable for the method of industrial engineering in analysis; the solution of streamline balancing is studied, which points out that the bottleneck process has important influence on streamline balance. By shortening the processing time of a bottleneck process, the balance of the entire production line can be improved, and also a significant increase in efficiency is obtained for each process on the production line. Finally, the above theories and methods are applied and verified by calculation in an example.