Additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced composites, as a key advanced technology developing rapidly in recent years, is having a profound impact on the development and production of aviation composites and components. The basic concept and general situation of continuous fiber additive manufacturing were introduced, and the research and application progress of this technology in the aviation field at home and abroad were elaborated. Considering the needs of application in the aviation field, the methods of improving the mechanical properties of continuous fiber reinforced composite additive manufacturing were discussed from different aspects including materials, design, and manufacturing. The research progress of digital simulation technology in the design, manufacturing, and mechanical properties simulation of continuous fiber reinforced composite additive manufacturing was analyzed in detail. The development prospect of the technology was summarized. Finally, the impact of continuous fiber reinforced composite additive manufacturing on the development and production of aviation composites and components was discussed. This technology is expected to provide significant support for the composite component research and aeronautical development.