The thermal structural components of aerospace vehicles using carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix (C/C) composites as raw materials, are facing harsh service conditions and require oxidation resistant ceramic coatings on their surfaces to resist the erosion in thermo–mechanical–oxygenic coupling environments. However, the brittleness of ceramic coatings make them highly susceptible to damage under external forces, posing a serious threat to the service safety of thermal structural components. Driven by the repair needs of oxidation resistant ceramic coatings and based on the damage size of coatings, the self-healing technology for micro damage and the remanufacturing technology for macro damage are introduced. The implementation methods, research status, repair effects, advantages & disadvantages and application scenarios of the two technologies are elaborated. Finally, the future development directions of the self-healing and remanufacturing of oxidation resistant ceramic coatings are discussed.