Due to the long-term service in extreme environments such as high temperature and high stress, the surfaces of nickel-based powder superalloy turbine disk usually needs to be shot peened to meet its stringent performance requirements. Based on this, this paper systematically investigates the effect of different shot peening intensities on the surface integrity of nickel-based powder alloy FGH96. The results show that after shot peening, grain refinement occurs in the near-surface layer of the alloy, producing a hardened layer and introducing large residual compressive stresses in the surface layer. In addition, a plastic deformation layer was produced near the surface, the depth of which deepened with the increase of shot peening intensity from 5 μm in the original state to 117 μm at a shot peening intensity of 0.25 mmA. With the increase of shot peening intensity, the alloy's surface roughness, surface hardness value, depth of the hardened layer, residual compressive stresses in the surface layer, and the depth of the residual stresses layer all showed an increasing trend. The results of this study can provide some data reference for the design and selection of the shot peening process of powder metallurgy superalloys.