Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has become the preferred material for weight reduction and efficiency improvement in the aerospace field due to its light weight and high strength. Curing is the key to manufacture CFRP components with both geometry and load-bearing properties. Compared with the traditional conduction heating curing/repairing method, the microwave heating curing/repairing method has the advantages of sensitive temperature control, short period, and low energy consumption. However, microwave resonates to form standing waves in the cavity, which makes a large number of cold and hot spots exist in the CFRP laminated plates, and the temperature is not uniform. The components are easy to deform, and even partial ablation or incomplete curing occurs in serious cases. In this paper, a temperature field control method for microwave curing of CFRP laminates with multi-frequency energy dispersion was proposed. By dispersing the energy required for heating into microwaves of various frequencies, the influence of the standing wave of a single frequency was weakened. Meanwhile, the superposition effect between standing waves of various frequencies was utilized to improve the temperature uniformity of CFRP laminates during microwave curing. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature difference of CFRP laminates was reduced by 26% compared with single-frequency microwave heating when only 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz microwave heating were used.