The research on dynamic mechanical behavior and related failure mechanism of new aerospace structural materials, represented by light metal and composites, under the intermediate strain rate environment has attracted more and more attention. To fully explore the corresponding relationship between the performance of new structural materials and strain rates, a novel experimental system that can achieve dynamic tensile testing at medium strain rates has been developed based on the electromagnetic riveting system. This provides a scientific and efficient experimental method for dynamic performance testing of metal and composite materials and their joining structures. The article first introduces the basic principle and functional characteristics of the electromagnetic loading device, and then provides a detailed explanation of the loading system, control system, and data acquisition system; The following mainly introduces the changes in corresponding mechanical responses under different parameters during the dynamic loading test process and the consistent results under repeated tests, thereby verifying the stability and reliability of the entire experimental system; Finally, the mechanical properties of 2024–T6 aluminum alloy under different strain rates were tested using this system. The results of this research show that the electromagnetic loading dynamic tensile testing system can accurately reflect the effect of strain rate changes on the performance of 2024–T6 aluminum alloy, providing strong technical support for the structural safety research of new aviation materials in service environments.