The defects of welding surface seriously affect the subsequent processing and service of welded structural parts. High-efficiency precision grinding is one of the key technologies to obtain high-quality weld surface. Therefore, the research on efficient precision grinding of weld beads is of great significance. This paper focuses on the intelligent technology of efficient and precise weld beads grinding, and summarizes the characteristics of welding beads grinding and polishing. The development status of welding seam grinding and polishing intelligent technology is elaborated from three aspects: Basic grinding and polishing principle and model, intelligent grinding equipment and force control algorithm and high-efficiency and precise weld beads grinding based on vision technology. Finally, the opportunities and challenges brought by intelligent technology to the efficient and precise grinding technology of welds are expounded, and the urgent problems to be solved in this field are put forward.