Three-dimensional braided composite materials are widely used in special-shaped structural parts in aviation, aerospace, military and other fields, but in order to ensure the quality of structural parts, it is necessary to carry out multiple trial productions to verify the effectiveness of the braiding process, which brings high costs. To address the challenges of high validation costs and prolonged optimization cycles in braiding parameter verification, this study proposed a universal simulation approach for special-shaped braided structures based on model reconstruction algorithms. Firstly, the centerline of the mandrel of the special-shaped structural parts was extracted based on the model data, and the key sections of the mandrel were regenerated based on the model outline, and the mesh of the model was reconstructed. Secondly, based on the kinematic characteristics, the fabric trajectory on the surface of the mandrel was generated, the interweaving relationship of the braiding process was analysed, the yarn trajectory was optimized, and the spatial topology and fabric structure model of the preform were generated. Finally, according to the braiding experiment, the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is verified, and the error at the variable cross-section and variable curvature is not more than 5°. This innovative approach demonstrated strong compatibility with CAE integration platforms for braiding equipment, offering an efficient digital verification solution for composite manufacturing processes.