Metal fatigue and corrosion failure is one of the key factors that limit the daily life of aircraft, and affect aviation safety. Rolling reinforcement is a widely used mechanical surface strengthening technology which can improve the fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of aeronautical metal parts effectively. The strengthening mechanism of rolling technology is presented, the research status of rolling technology both at home and abroad is introduced, and at last the application status of rolling technology in aviation field is summarized. It can be seen that, with the continuous breakthrough of rolling technology, the strengthening effect will be getting better and better, and the application field will be more and more wide. Apart from the benefit of improving aviation safety and security, the low price advantage of rolling technology application can bring great economic profit.