Carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) is a kind of high performance thermoplastic composite material, which has broad application prospects in aviation manufacturing industry. There are significant differences in thermal history between the different axial and radial positions of the hole circumference in the process of hole making and cooling process of this material, and the cooling process is closely related to the recrystallization process of thermoplastic resin. In order to further clarify the influence of drilling heat on the performance around the hole, the effect of drilling heat on properties of CF/PEEK resin was studied in this paper. Firstly, the PEEK sample was pretreated by simulating the thermal history around the hole, and then the material mechanical parameters were measured. Secondly, the fiber parameters were introduced, the material mechanical parameters of CF/PEEK were deduced and the crystallinity was determined. Finally, the relationship between the cooling rate and the material properties was established, and the effect of drilling heat on the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK was clarified. It is found that as the cooling rate decreases, the lower cooling rate has a beneficial effect on the resin properties, the crystallinity of the PEEK matrix will increase, and the tensile strength will increase. While the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the material are the lowest under rapid cooling, which are 65.32 MPa and 3.3 GPa, respectively.