In order to solve the laser peening eigenstrain inversely, based on the numerical theory of eigenstrain, an inverse method for eigenstrain based on geometric characteristics was established. Based on the finite element theory, the control equation between the eigenstrain and deformation of laser peening was established. On the basis of the control equation, an optimization model for inverse of eigenstrain was built by combining the deformation and the initial eigenstrain obtained by the dynamic analysis model. The eigenstrain was solved inversely from laser peening experiments carried out under different energies, and the results were verified based on the deformation and residual stress. The results show that the eigenstrain can be efficiently and accurately inversely solved by fusing of initial eigenstrain from dynamic model and the geometric characteristics of deformation.