Nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 is a typical difficult-to-machine material due to its physical and mechanical properties such as high strength, high toughness, and low thermal conductivity. It easily generates a large amount of cutting heat during the cutting process, which leads to increased tool wear and affects the machined surface quality. As a clean cooling medium, dry ice has the characteristics of low critical temperature, high latent heat, and no residue after sublimation. Such superiorities make dry ice have great application potential in efficient quasi-dry cutting of difficult-to-machine materials. This research applies the assisted method of dry ice particle jet cooling to the machining process for Inconel 718. The beneficial effects of this green manufacturing process are explored on improving the cutting performance of Inconel 718 through reducing cutting temperature. The dry ice particle jet cooling-assisted milling experiments of Inconel 718 are performed. The effects of cooling process parameters on the cutting temperature, cutting force, and machined surface roughness of Inconel 718 are analyzed. The results show that the cutting temperature and cutting force during the milling process of Inconel 718 are significantly reduced under dry ice particle jet cooling conditions, while the machined surface roughness can be reduced. The research proves that the dry ice particle jet cooling can effectively enhance the cutting performance of high-temperature alloys.