Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) as a novel solid-state additive manufacturing technology, can be effectively utilized to fabricate high-performance components without evaporating the elements of aluminum – lithium alloy. Self-constrained friction stir additive manufacturing was proposed to prepare the multi-layered structural components made of aluminum – lithium alloy strips. The results show that the well interlayer metallurgical bonding was obtained due to the sufficient material flow. The grain sizes and distribution of the precipitates in each additive manufactured layer were primarily influenced by thermal-mechanical effects. Those layers worked by less stirring pass showed more precipitates and higher microhardness, attributed to less thermal-mechanical effects. The additive manufacturing thickness of single layer is 1 mm, and the additive manufacturing rate is 200 mm/min. The microhardness reached 126.8HV (79.3% of 2195–T8 aluminum-lithium alloy). The corrosion resistance of the additive manufacturing zone was better than that of the base materials due to the solid solution of Cu elements.