Spark plasma diffusion bonding (SPDB) is a new diffusion bonding technology with high efficiency, green and energy saving, which is based on the principle of pulse current promoting plastic deformation and atomic diffusion in the process of spark plasma sintering, and combines temperature field–force field–electric field. Spark plasma diffusion bonding is suitable for the bonding of dissimilar metal materials, refractory metals and high-temperature ceramic materials, and has great application potential in aerospace, nuclear power, high-end medical equipment and other fields. This paper briefly introduces the basic principle and equipment composition of spark plasma diffusion bonding technology, and the action mechanism of pulse current on interface atomic diffusion bonding and interface phase formation. The basic principle and equipment composition of spark plasma diffusion welding technology are briefly described. The mechanism of atomic diffusion and phase formation at the interface is summarized by pulsed current. The research status at home and abroad on the application of spark plasma diffusion welding to materials is introduced in detail. Finally, the future trend of spark plasma diffusion welding technology is prospected, and the development direction and suggestions are given according to the development status and issue of this technology.