Excessive clamping force of temporary fasteners will cause damage to the composite holes and seriously affect the static load-bearing and dynamic fatigue performance of the structure. The clamping force of the temporary fastners needs to be controlled at the aviation assembly site. Therefore, in view of the fluctuation characteristics of the output torque of the temporary fasteners pneumatic installation tool, a test and verification device for the installation of temporary fasteners for composite structures was designed to explore the relationship between the installation process and the clamping force. The input air pressure of the pneumatic installation tool is controlled by an electric proportional valve, and the torque and clamping force during the installation of temporary fasteners are monitored by a torque sensor and a clamping force sensor. The measurement system of the built device is analyzed, the repeatability is verified by the Pearson correlation coefficient formula, and the uncertainty is calculated by the Bessel formula. The results show that the designed device can be used to test and verify the installation process of temporary fasteners for composite components. This will provide a method and basis for the formulation of temporary fastening technology at the assembly site of aeronautical composite materials.