The influence of test parameters on the test results of the commonly used damping characteristics test method was studied. The analysis show that the test data dispersion of the free vibration method is small and the test data dispersion of the half-power bandwidth method is large and greatly affected by the selection of test parameters. The damping characteristics of hollow and solid structures were compared and analyzed based on the optimized test parameters. It is found that the damping characteristics of the two types of structures are similar when the amplitude is small, and the modal damping under the first mode is about 2×10–3. Under the condition of high amplitude, damping radio of the solid structure increases slightly. When the amplitude is 10mm, the damping is 3.577×10–3, which is as many as 1.20 times that of the amplitude being 3.0 mm. It indicates that the internal structural features of the structure can provide additional damping under large deformation conditions. The rational use of this feature is of great significance to improve the structural performance.