High-precision measurement data is the key to digital preassembly analysis. In order to solve the problems of complex measurement planning for various departments, various forms of measurement data without traceability, low data management and sharing degree, etc. during the assembly process of aircraft components, the model construction and data management methods for 3D measurement in aircraft manufacturing process are presented. The 3D measurement model is constructed by integrating the measurement features, measurement benchmark, feature dispersion, measurement methods and deviation analysis in the measurement planning. The data management system is used to achieve structural and unified management, so as to conduct the measurement implementation of each department and improve the measurement efficiency and data sharing. The feasibility of 3D measurement model construction and data management for aircraft digital assembly engineering is verified by using leading edge component of the wing box.