Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics are ideal materials for turbine blades, thermal protection systems and aerospace structural components due to their high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, high strength and excellent thermal shock resistance. However, with the development of aerospace structural components towards higher service temperature and lightweight, shortcomings of Si3N4 ceramics in terms of molding and performance gradually appears. In addition, the existing performance tests mostly focus on working conditions of normal temperature, normal pressure, and transient state, which are not being able to reflect the real service performance of Si3N4 ceramics in aerospace field, therefore need to be improved urgently. To address these problems, this paper elaborates the research progress of Si3N4 ceramics in the aspects of molding, performance testing, microstructure control and mechanical properties, discusses the current status of Si3N4 ceramic application and puts forward relevant suggestions to promote innovation and development of Si3N4 ceramics in aerospace.