To study the impact of TC6 titanium alloy laser shocking peening (LSP) treatment on the vibration fatigue life, different shocking peening times were used to laser peening TC6 titanium alloy, and the vibration fatigue test system was used to test vibration fatigue on the samples. X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester are used to test the residual stress and hardness of the samples before and after LSP, and to study the influence of LSP on the vibration fatigue performance of TC6 titanium alloy. The changes of microstructure after LSP was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and finally observing the vibration fatigue fracture surface of the sample with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the influence of LSP on the vibration fatigue fracture surface of TC6 titanium alloy. The results show that the TC6 titanium alloy undergoes strong plastic deformation after laser shot peening, resulting in a large number of dislocations, which can inhibit the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in the TC6 titanium alloy sample, and improve the performance mechanical properties of material, thereby effectively improving the vibration fatigue life of TC6 titanium alloy samples.