In order to extend the fatigue life of 7075 aluminum alloy joints, the stress distribution around the hole processed by cold expansion was simulated by ABAQUS. The finite element model of ultrasonic peening was established according to the kinetics analysis of ultrasonic shot peening process. In order to get the stress distribution around hole processed by cold expansion combined with ultrasonic shot peening, the ultrasonic shot peening process around the entrance surface of cold expanded joint hole was numerically simulated. Finally, the very high cycle fatigue test was carried out to validate the numerical calculation. The results show that the compound strengthening process can improve the stress distribution of the joint, inhibit the crack initiation and propagation, so it can improve the fatigue strength of the joints significantly.