The integral blisk is a key component in enabling the new generation of aircraft engines to achieve structural innovation and a technological leap. Its profile accuracy and surface quality have a significant impact on the fatigue and aerodynamic performance of the aircraft engine. Currently, the integral blisk grinding and polishing process in China remains in a backward stage, characterized by manual polishing, which results in poor blade surface quality, inconsistent performance, high labor intensity and low efficiency. This paper introduces the robot belt grinding and polishing equipment for integral blisks and its technical principle, and uses this equipment to carry out the process testing of the titanium alloy integral blisk. Based on the structural characteristics of the integral blisk and the experience of manual polishing methods, this paper proposes an automated polishing process method for integral blisk, including polishing trajectory planning, optimization of grinding tools and processing parameters, and realizes its application in the processing of integral blisk through process control and parameter feedback adjustment. The results show that the surface roughness R_a of the integral blisk after robot polishing is less than 0.4 μm, the grinding and polishing efficiency is significantly improved, and the consistency of the grinding and polishing profile is also enhanced remarkably. The material removal amount of the blades during polishing is 0.008–0.013 mm, and the blade profile tolerance meets the design requirements.