Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are internationally recognized as the next generation of thermal structural materials. CMC material designation standards have been established and modular design methods have been developed. CMC have been widely applied and validated in high-temperature end components in multiple aerospace fields. As ceramic matrix composites transition from laboratory research and development to engineering application and mass production, joining and repair technologies have become key to driving the application of these composites. Given the interconnection between joining and repair technologies, this paper systematically reviews the research progress and development trends in the joining and repair technologies for ceramic matrix composites. For joining technologies, which need to address both chemical and physical compatibility, this review summarizes the research progress on active brazing, metallic diffusion bonding, nano-Infiltration and transient eutectic bonding, reaction infiltration siliconization, and adhesive bonding. For the rapid and effective repair of surface damage in ceramic matrix composites, this review also covers the application progress of self-healing technologies, chemical vapor deposition, slurry coating, and laser cladding. Finally, the development trends of an integrated design approach for joining and repair of ceramic matrix composites are prospected.