To investigate the material removal behavior and surface integrity of robotic belt grinding for titanium alloy hollow components fabricated by additive manufacturing, experiments were designed and conducted. The effects of robotic belt grinding on the surface material removal characteristics, abrasive debris, surface morphology, and subsurface material of titanium alloy hollow components fabricated by additive manufacturing under different constant grinding force conditions were comparatively investigated. The results show that when the grinding force is reduced from 25 N to 10 N, surface roughness was reduced from Ra 2.11 μm and Ry 16.5 μm to Ra 1.03 μm and Ry 8 μm, the thickness of the slip layer is reduced from 55 μm to 45 μm, and the residual compressive stress on the surface is reduced from 243 MPa to 89 MPa. The robotic belt grinding experiments show that a smaller constant grinding force can improve the surface processing quality, reduce the surface roughness and damage, and decrease the depth of slip deformation and residual compressive stress of the subsurface material, thus improving the machining performance of the titanium alloy hollow components fabricated by additive manufacturing. It is expected that this study will provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for research on robotic belt grinding of titanium alloy parts fabricated by additive manufacturing and their surface integrity.