The new generation of aircraft and other major aviation models presents new characteristics of high stealth, heavy load, long range, long life and other leaps and bounds, which makes the existing digital assembly simulation coordination technology based on theoretical model difficult to meet its ultra-high assembly accuracy and service performance requirements. In view of the new demand for further improvement of assembly accuracy, a virtual preassembly technology that introduces the measured model of key assembly characteristics is introduced. By accurately expressing the manufacturing error of parts and the accumulated error of assembly during the assembly process, the precise quality control and traceability adjustment of assembly key parts with high accuracy requirements are realized. By analyzing the characteristics of this technology, the framework of virtual pre-assembly technology system for aircraft based on measured data is constructed. The development status of key technologies related to the identification and analysis of key assembly characteristics of complex aircraft structures, the measurement and reconstruction of geometric features of parts oriented to virtual pre-assembly, and the virtual pre-assembly analysis oriented to assembly semantics and geometric feature constraints are summarized. Combined with the ultra-high dimensional accuracy and service performance requirements of the new generation of aircraft, the new development trend of virtual pre-assembly technology towards the actual model under the digital twin system is clarified.