To investigate the effects of both water-based and oil-based material systems

as well as porosity gradient-enhanced (PGE) structure on the performance of 3D printed Al

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porous ceramics

various ceramic parts with different hole densities were fabricated using stereo lithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printing technology. The shrinkage rate

compressive strength

and microstructure of the printed parts in two material systems were comparatively analyzed. Additionally

the porosity

bending performance

and thermal shock resistance of the parts before and after PGE optimization were discussed in detail. The results indicated that the shrinkage and compressive str

ength of the parts formed by oil-based materials significantly surpassed those of water-based materials

with particles exhibiting a denser microscopic appearance. Nevertheless

the particles of parts formed by water-based materials were in spherical shape

separating from each other. Furthermore

the adoption of PGE structure effectively avoided the occurrence of regional fracture phenomenon in the parts. The PGE parts with different hole densities all achieved a 12%–14% increase in bending strength

as well as a 14%–18% improvement in thermal shock strength. In conclusion

the proper use of oil-based Al

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ceramic paste along with the rational design of PGE structures are effective approaches to improving the performance of Al

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porous ceramics

rendering its adaptation to the increasingly complex demands of industrial applications.