Aiming at the need of high precision and high reliability in the machining process of precision machine tools, a condition monitoring system of precision machine tools is designed and developed. The system builds a data acquisition platform with different hardware modules, and uses LabVIEW as the programming environment for software development to realize data acquisition, real-time storage and signal analysis and processing of temperature, vibration, acoustic emission and rotational speed during machine tool operation. At the same time, a database technology is used to manage a large number of stored data. Field test results show that the system runs stably, all functions are normal, and can meet the requirements of use.