Machined surface integrity has an impact on fatigue behavior of specimens directly. Therefore, researchers have done a lot of studies and analyses. Based on summarizing the previous research achievements, research status and main achievements of influence mechanism of machined surface integrity on fatigue behavior of specimens were presented and analyzed. Moreover, it is pointed out clearly that several key theories of fatigue behavior of specimens influenced by surface roughness, surface micro-hardness and surface residual stress should be developed and completed in the further, which provides a corresponding reference for the subsequent research work in the field of anti-fatigue manufacturing.