To address the demand for rapid and precise drilling of carbon fiber composite laminated structures, a robotic drilling system was developed, the corresponding robotic drilling process technology was investigated, and the key process parameters were optimized. The drilling cutting forces of CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/Al laminated structures were measured. The influence of pressing force on drilling axial force was analyzed to determine the optimal range of pressing force. The variation characteristics of force during the drilling process were analyzed, and the variation laws of drilling quality of CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/Al laminated structures with cutting conditions were studied. Taking hole diameter accuracy, cylindricity and hole diameter consistency of laminated structures, which have significant impacts on assembly quality, as the evaluation indicators of drilling quality, the influence mechanism of robotic drilling process parameters on the drilling quality of CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/Al laminated structures were explored. The experimental results show that the robotic drilling technology can meet the drilling quality requirements of carbon fiber composite laminated structures. Based on the variation laws of drilling quality with process parameters, it is recommended that when drilling with threepoint drills, the process parameter range for CFRP/CFRP laminated structures is a spindle speed of 6000 – 10000 r/min and a feed rate of 0.02 – 0.06 mm/r; The range for CFRP/Al laminated structures is a spindle speed of 4000 – 6000 r/min and a feed rate of 0.06 – 0.08 mm/r. Within the selected process parameter ranges, the robotic drilling of CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/Al laminated structures can achieve hole diameter accuracies of grade H7 and grade H8, respectively.