In view of the problems of low material removal rate and poor hole diameter uniformity in the honing process, the material removal rate of 9Cr18 stainless steel during the honing process was analyzed, and a set of material removal volume theoretical formulas suitable for honing process were proposed. At the same time, in order to make the hole diameters at different axial positions of the honing hole closer to the same, it is necessary to increase the residence time at the upper and lower overruns to improve the original model. Single-factor honing tests were carried out based on the original model and the optimized model. The single-factor test results showed that, reciprocating speed and honing pressure are significant factors that affect the removal volume of honing materials. Aiming at the difference between the removal volume of the honing material and the hole diameter after honing, the prediction results of the optimized model and the initial model are respectively compared with the corresponding test results, it can be found that the prediction accuracy of the optimized model is increased by 25%–30% compared with the initial model. Adding the resident time in the overtravel section will not reduce the processing efficiency, can improve the dimensional accuracy of the hole after honing, and realize the accurate prediction of the material removal volume.