Low plasticity burnishing can effectively enhance the fatigue performance, corrosion resistance and damage tolerance property of materials. And it has been widely used abroad in surface modification of aero-engine industry. The basic principle and advantages of the emerging low plasticity burnishing are introduced in this paper. The effects of low plasticity burnishing on surface integrity, such as residual stress, surface roughness, microhardness and microstructure, are summarized. The detailed influences of different processing parameters on surface integrity factors are also analyzed, such as ball diameter, pressure, burnishing speed and number of passes. Finally, the research and development of low plasticity burnishing in China are prospected.